High-yield distinctions to rehearse until the exam wording starts
pointing at the right AWS service.
Transit Gateway vs VPC Peering vs PrivateLink
Transit Gateway for scalable hub-and-spoke routing; VPC peering for simple direct private routing; PrivateLink for private service access without full network connectivity.
DataSync vs DMS vs Transfer Family vs Snow Family
DataSync moves files online; DMS migrates databases with replication; Transfer Family exposes SFTP/FTPS/FTP to S3 or EFS; Snow is for offline or edge-scale movement.
Aurora Global vs RDS Read Replica vs Backup Copy
Aurora Global targets low-latency cross-Region reads and low RPO; read replicas help read scaling and DR; backup copies are slower recovery artifacts.
SCP vs IAM Policy vs Permissions Boundary
SCPs set account or OU maximum permissions; IAM policies grant or deny principal actions; permissions boundaries cap what a principal can receive.
WAF vs Shield vs GuardDuty vs Security Hub
WAF filters web requests; Shield handles DDoS protection; GuardDuty detects threats; Security Hub aggregates and scores findings.
Compute Optimizer vs Trusted Advisor vs Cost Explorer
Compute Optimizer recommends resource sizing; Trusted Advisor checks account hygiene across categories; Cost Explorer analyzes spend trends and forecasts.
Direct Connect vs Site-to-Site VPN vs Client VPN
Direct Connect is private dedicated connectivity; Site-to-Site VPN connects networks over encrypted internet tunnels; Client VPN gives individual users remote access into VPC resources.
Route 53 Resolver Inbound vs Outbound Endpoints
Inbound lets on-prem DNS query AWS private names; outbound lets VPC workloads forward queries to on-prem DNS. Rules decide which domains are forwarded.
CloudFront vs Global Accelerator vs Route 53
CloudFront caches HTTP content at the edge; Global Accelerator improves TCP/UDP availability and latency with static anycast IPs; Route 53 answers DNS and can steer by policy.
Gateway Endpoint vs Interface Endpoint
Gateway endpoints are for S3 and DynamoDB route-table targets; interface endpoints are ENIs powered by PrivateLink for AWS APIs and endpoint services.
Control Tower vs Organizations vs StackSets
Control Tower builds and governs a landing zone; Organizations manages accounts/OUs/SCPs/billing; StackSets deploys CloudFormation stacks across accounts and Regions.
IAM Identity Center vs IAM Users vs Cognito
Identity Center is workforce access to AWS accounts/apps; IAM users are long-lived AWS principals to avoid when possible; Cognito is customer/app user identity.
AWS Backup vs Snapshot Automation vs Replication
AWS Backup centralizes policy and compliance; snapshots are point-in-time recovery artifacts; replication lowers RPO and is usually needed for faster regional recovery.
Aurora Serverless v2 vs RDS Provisioned vs DynamoDB
Aurora Serverless v2 scales relational capacity; RDS provisioned fits predictable relational workloads; DynamoDB fits high-scale key-value/document access without joins.
ElastiCache vs DAX vs RDS Proxy
ElastiCache caches general hot data/session state; DAX accelerates DynamoDB reads; RDS Proxy pools relational database connections, especially for Lambda spikes.
SQS vs SNS vs EventBridge vs Step Functions
SQS queues work; SNS fans out notifications; EventBridge routes events with rules and SaaS integrations; Step Functions orchestrates stateful workflows.
Lambda vs Fargate vs EC2 Auto Scaling
Lambda for event-driven short execution; Fargate for containers without server management; EC2 Auto Scaling when you need instance-level control or unsupported runtimes.
ECS vs EKS vs App Runner
ECS is AWS-native container orchestration; EKS is managed Kubernetes for Kubernetes requirements; App Runner is simplest for source/container web services.
CodeDeploy vs Elastic Beanstalk vs AppConfig
CodeDeploy controls deployments and traffic shifting; Elastic Beanstalk manages app environments; AppConfig safely rolls out configuration and feature flags.
CloudWatch vs CloudTrail vs Config vs X-Ray
CloudWatch observes metrics/logs/alarms; CloudTrail records API activity; Config tracks resource configuration/compliance; X-Ray traces distributed requests.
GuardDuty vs Inspector vs Macie vs Detective
GuardDuty detects threats; Inspector finds vulnerabilities; Macie discovers sensitive S3 data; Detective helps investigate security findings and relationships.
Secrets Manager vs Parameter Store vs KMS
Secrets Manager stores and rotates secrets; Parameter Store stores configuration and simple secrets; KMS manages encryption keys used by both and by AWS services.
S3 Lifecycle vs Intelligent-Tiering vs Glacier Classes
Lifecycle transitions by rules; Intelligent-Tiering adapts to changing access; Glacier classes are archival retrieval tiers with lower storage cost and retrieval tradeoffs.
S3 Replication vs DataSync vs Transfer Acceleration
Replication copies objects between buckets; DataSync moves files/objects online between locations; Transfer Acceleration speeds internet uploads to S3 via edge locations.
MGN vs DMS vs SCT
MGN rehosts servers with block replication; DMS migrates and replicates database data; SCT converts schemas when moving between database engines.
Rehost vs Replatform vs Refactor vs Repurchase
Rehost lifts and shifts; replatform makes limited managed-service changes; refactor changes architecture/code; repurchase replaces with another product or SaaS.
Snowcone vs Snowball Edge vs Snowmobile
Snowcone is small edge/transfer; Snowball Edge handles larger transfer and edge compute; Snowmobile is for extreme exabyte-scale data transfer.
Cost Explorer vs Budgets vs Cost Anomaly Detection
Cost Explorer analyzes and forecasts spend; Budgets alerts on defined thresholds; Cost Anomaly Detection finds unusual spend patterns automatically.